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What is Project Portfolio Management?
Project Portfolio Management is about more than running multiple projects. Each portfolio of projects needs to be assessed in terms of its business value and adherence to strategy. The portfolio should be designed to achieve a defined business objective or benefit. Project management guru Bob Buttrick summarised it when he said; "Directing the individual project correctly will ensure it is done right. Directing 'all the projects' successfully will ensure we are doing the right projects."
While at individual project level it is important to know how each project is performing, the impact of each project on the portfolio is just as important. The following questions should be asked:
- Does each project contribute to the overall achievement of the portfolio?
- How well is each project performing?
- Will any project have a negative impact on other projects to come?
- What projects in the portfolio are dependent on others?
- Will the successful delivery of all projects deliver the desired objective or benefit?
Working at portfolio level is about working with summary or key data. It is important to avoid information overload. The detail of each project should be kept at the project team level, administered by the individual project managers. Key information should be rolled up and presented at each level within the organisation as appropriate. At executive, VP level you are likely to be providing a summary of performance, progress, a measurement of estimates against actuals and costs.
Within almost all project portfolio management systems there is a project evaluation process. This process is used to evaluate the projects at various points during their lifecycle. At the beginning of each stage, often called a 'gate,' the responsible party evaluates the business case, asking whether it is still relevant and able to deliver the defined organisational objectives. If the answer is no, then the project should be stopped. This way the organisation can ensure that they stay focussed on delivering a strategy, goal or other defined benefit and that resources are deployed where they will offer the best return.
Project portfolio management asks the following questions:
- Are we doing the right things?
- Are we doing them the right way?
- Are we doing them well?
- Are we getting the benefits?
If the answer to any of these questions is no, immediate action is required to bring the portfolio back on track.
Project Portfolio Management Software
When selecting a project portfolio management software system, organisations should use criteria based on identified needs and organisational objectives. It is advisable to start small, introducing aspects of portfolio management one element at a time. Many commercial tools can seem overwhelming at first, simply because of the large amount of functionality they offer.
These are the key features of a project portfolio management system:
- Project evaluation process or methodology
- Cost and benefits measurement
- Progress reporting
- Communication of key project data, e.g. executive dashboard
- Resource and capacity planning
- Cost and benefits tracking
Project portfolio management software enables the user, usually management or executives within the organisation, to review the portfolio, which will assist in making key financial and business decisions for the projects.
The objective of project portfolio management is to optimise the results of the project portfolio to obtain benefits the organisation wants.
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